Saturday, April 24, 2010

especially & because

Constructing a sentence with especially or because without the second clause is a mistake that many many many many Korean and Japanese speakers make.

"특히 ~은 ~하다" is perfectly fine in the Korean language. It is a complete sentence with a proper beginning. However, in English, this is neither a complete nor a good way of starting your sentence. Especially is an adverb to mean particularly or notably, not a conjunction (접속사) as it could be in Korean. So especially should be used to modify something, not to start a sentence. Take a look at the following:

정부는 고용 안정을 위한 구체적인 조처를 취해야 한다. 특히 취약 계층의 직접 고용이 필요하다.
  • The government should implement concrete measures to stabilize employment. Especially, direct hiring of the disadvantaged is needed (x): this is a direct translation of 특히 into especially. "Especially + S + V" is not a complete sentence.
  • The government should implement concrete measures to stabilize employment, especially direct hiring of the disadvantaged (o)


The same is true for because. In Korean, "왜냐하면 ~하기 때문이다" is a complete sentence with a proper beginning. But "because+S+V" as a sentence does not make sense in English. Take a look at the following:


이란 청소년 여자 축구팀이 청소년 올림픽에 참가하지 못하게 되었다. FIFA 규정에 따르면 선수들은 이슬람식 두건을 착용할 수 없기 때문이다.
  • The Iran girl's soccer team was thrown out of the Youth Olympics scheduled for August in Singapore. Because the rules of FIFA prevent players from wearing an Islamic headscarf (x): This is a direct translation of 때문이다 into because. Because subordinates a clause to a sentence, but "because+S+V" alone cannot be a sentence.
  • The Iran girl's soccer team was thrown out of the Youth Olympics scheduled for August in Singapore because the rules of FIFA prevent players from wearing an Islamic headscarf (o) (April 5, 2010 New York Times)